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Mexico Forest Information and DataAccording to the U.N. FAO,33.3% or about 64,802,000 ha of Mexico is forested, according to FAO. Of this 52.9% ( 34,310,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Mexico had 3,203,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Mexico lost an average of 274,450 ha or 0.39% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Mexico lost 7.8% of its forest cover, or around 5,489,000 ha.
Mexico's forests contain 2,043 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass. Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Mexico has some 2765 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 34.0% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 12.3% are threatened. Mexico is home to at least 26071 species of vascular plants, of which 47.9% are endemic. 0.6% of Mexico is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
2011 Update
In May 2011, Sassan Saatchi of Caltech's Jet Propulsion Lab and colleagues published a paper inPNASwithnew carbon stock estimates for global tropical forests.
| Forest definition (canopy cover %) |
10% tree cover |
25% tree cover |
30% tree cover |
| Forest Area (M ha) |
68 |
49 |
39 |
| Aboveground forest carbon (Mt C) |
2,243 |
1,799 |
1,566 |
| Belowground forest carbon (Mt C) |
691 |
549 |
473 |
| Total forest carbon (Mt C) |
2,934 |
2,348 |
2,039 |
| Average Carbon Density (t C/ha) |
43 |
48 |
52 |
M=million, t=metric tons; all figures are mean carbon stock values
Mexico Environmental profile|Mexico pictures
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Mexico
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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|
Mexico: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 ha) |
194395 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) |
64802 |
| Percent Forest Cover |
33 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) |
34310 |
| Primary Forest, % total forest |
53 |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) |
20181 |
| Percent other wooded land |
10 |
Mexico: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) |
34310 |
53 |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) |
27289 |
42 |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) |
3203 |
5 |
Mexico: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 |
2000 |
2005 |
2010 |
| 70291 |
66751 |
65578 |
64802 |
|
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
|
1990-2000 |
2000-2005 |
2005-2010 |
|
-354 |
-235 |
-155 |
|
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
|
1990-2000 |
2000-2005 |
2005-2010 |
|
-0.52 |
-0.35 |
-0.24 |
|
Mexico: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 |
2000 |
2005 |
2010 |
| 70291.00 |
65693.00 |
63184.00 |
61599.00 |
|
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
|
1990-2000 |
2000-2005 |
2005-2010 |
|
-460 |
-460.00 |
-409.00 |
|
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
|
1990-2000 |
2000-2005 |
2005-2010 |
|
-0.7 |
-0.65 |
-0.62 |
|
Mexico: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 |
2000 |
2005 |
2010 |
| 39492 |
35469 |
34531 |
34310 |
|
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
|
1990-2000 |
2000-2005 |
2005-2010 |
|
-402 |
-188 |
-44 |
|
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
|
1990-2000 |
2000-2005 |
2005-2010 |
|
-1.07 |
-0.53 |
-0.13 |
|
Mexico: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 |
2000 |
2005 |
2010 |
| 0 |
1058 |
2394 |
3203 |
|
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
|
1990-2000 |
2000-2005 |
2005-2010 |
|
106 |
267 |
162 |
|
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
|
1990-2000 |
2000-2005 |
2005-2010 |
|
- |
17.74 |
6.00 |
|
Mexico: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production |
Protection of soil and water |
Conservation of biodiversity |
Social services |
Multiple use |
Other |
None or unknown |
| 5 |
0 |
13 |
0 |
82 |
0 |
0 |
Mexico: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership |
Private ownership |
Other |
| 4 |
26 |
70 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals |
Business entities and institutions |
Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| - |
- |
- |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration |
Individuals |
Business entities and Institutions |
Communities |
Other |
| - |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Mexico: Growing stock in forest
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total
(million m3) |
Per hectare
(m3) |
Coniferous
(million m3) |
Broadleaved
(million m3) |
% commercial species |
| 2870 |
44 |
997 |
1873 |
- |
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
| Total (million m3) |
Per hectare (m3) |
Coniferous (million m3) |
Broadleaved (million m3) |
% commercial species |
| 36 |
2 |
|
|
|
Mexico: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons) |
| 1990 |
2000 |
2005 |
2010 |
| 2186 |
2111 |
2076 |
2043 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons) |
|
|
|
2000 |
|
|
|
32 |
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr) |
| 1990 |
2000 |
2005 |
2010 |
|
-8 |
-7 |
-7 |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr) |
| 1990 |
2000 |
2005 |
2010 |
|
n.s. |
n.s. |
n.s. |
Mexico: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
| FOREST FIRE |
| 1000 ha |
% wild fire (not managed burn) |
| 38 |
92 |
| EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
| Insects |
Diseases |
Other biotic agents |
Abiotic factors |
Total (excluding fire) |
% of 2005 forest area |
| 38 |
19 |
4 |
- |
61 |
n.s. |
Mexico: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 |
2000 |
2005 |
percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 7653 |
7662 |
6055 |
100 |
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 |
2000 |
2005 |
percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 451 |
547 |
688 |
100 |
Mexico: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$) |
Value per ha forest
(US$) |
| Industrial roundwood |
Woodfuel |
NWFP |
Total |
|
| 607 |
25 |
30 |
662 |
n.s. |
Mexico: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 |
2000 |
2005 |
| - |
- |
- |
在初级生产的商品-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 |
2000 |
2005 |
| - |
- |
- |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 |
2000 |
2005 |
| - |
- |
- |
Mexico: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (2001)
Sub-national forest policy: Yes
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (2007) In implementation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (2003) Sub-national forest law: Yes
Mexico: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
| 2000 |
2005 |
2008 |
| # |
% female |
# |
% female |
# |
% female |
| - |
- |
2732 |
11 |
2940 |
12 |
Mexico: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
| Forest revenue |
Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
|
Domestic funding |
External funding |
Total |
| (1000 US$) |
Operational expenditure |
Transfer payments |
Operational expenditure |
Transfer payments |
Operational expenditure |
Transfer payments |
| - |
89007 |
110426 |
2120 |
4099 |
91128 |
114524 |
Mexico: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:UNFCCC:Kyoto Protocol:UNCCD:ITTA:CITeS:Ramsar:World Heritage Convention:NlbI:[an error occurred while processing this directive]Mexico: Environment
| Environment - current issues |
scarcity of hazardous waste disposal facilities; rural to urban migration; natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; deteriorating agricultural lands; serious air and water pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border; land subsidence in Valley of Mexico caused by groundwater depletion |
| Environment - international agreements |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| 自然灾害 |
tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean coasts |
Mexico: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) |
arable land: 12.99%
permanent crops: 1.31%
other: 85.7% (2001) |
| Natural resources |
petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber |
Mexico: Economy
| Economy - overview: |
Mexico has a free market economy that recently entered the trillion dollar class. It contains a mixture of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture, increasingly dominated by the private sector. Recent administrations have expanded competition in seaports, railroads, telecommunications, electricity generation, natural gas distribution, and airports. Per capita income is one-fourth that of the US; income distribution remains highly unequal. Trade with the US and Canada has tripled since the implementation of NAFTA in 1994. Mexico has 12 free trade agreements with over 40 countries including, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, the European Free Trade Area, and Japan, putting more than 90% of trade under free trade agreements. The Fox administration is cognizant of the need to upgrade infrastructure, modernize the tax system and labor laws, and allow private investment in the energy sector, but has been unable to win the support of the opposition-led Congress. The next government that takes office in December 2006 will confront the same challenges of boosting economic growth, improving Mexico's international competitiveness, and reducing poverty. |
| GDP - per capita |
$10,000 (2005 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate (%) |
3% (2005 est.) |
| Agriculture - products |
corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, cotton, coffee, fruit, tomatoes; beef, poultry, dairy products; wood products |
| GDP - composition by sector (%) |
agriculture: 4%, industry: 26.5%, services: 69.5% (2005 est.) |
| Industries |
food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism |
| Economic aid - recipient |
$1.166 billion (1995) |
| Debt - external |
$174.3 billion (30 June 2005 est.) |
| Population below poverty line (%) |
40% (2003 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation (%) |
agriculture 18%, industry 24%, services 58% (2003) |
Mexico: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) |
106,202,903 |
| Population growth rate (%) (2005) |
1.17% |
| 人口密度(人/平方公里)(2005) |
55.2 |
| Percent rural (2003) |
24.5% |
| Median age (years) |
total: 24.93 years |
| Total fertility rate (children born/woman) |
2.45 (2005 est.) |
| Ethnic groups (%) |
mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1% |
Largest Cities in Mexico
Cities and urban areas in Mexico with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City |
Country |
City Population |
Urban Area Population |
| Mexico City |
Mexico |
8589600 |
21027200 |
| Guadalajara |
Mexico |
1797600 |
3847800 |
| Ecatepec |
Mexico |
1688600 |
1688600 |
| Nezahualcoyotl |
Mexico |
1430800 |
1430800 |
| Puebla |
Mexico |
1308700 |
2540900 |
| Monterrey |
Mexico |
1236900 |
3469000 |
| Tijuana |
Mexico |
1182900 |
1182900 |
| Ciudad Ju�rez |
Mexico |
1126700 |
2006700 |
| Leon |
Mexico |
994700 |
1397700 |
| Naucalpan |
Mexico |
953800 |
953800 |
| Zapopan |
Mexico |
936000 |
936000 |
| Tlalnepantla |
Mexico |
821200 |
821200 |
| 瓜达卢佩 |
Mexico |
703200 |
703200 |
| Merida |
Mexico |
698200 |
875400 |
| Chihuahua |
Mexico |
694400 |
824600 |
| Acapulco |
Mexico |
648400 |
879500 |
| San Luis Potos� |
Mexico |
629600 |
936200 |
| Mexicali |
Mexico |
618400 |
830800 |
| Aguascalientes |
Mexico |
594500 |
734500 |
| Hermosillo |
Mexico |
590000 |
657300 |
| Culiacan |
Mexico |
567900 |
765500 |
| Saltillo |
Mexico |
554300 |
657900 |
| Morelia |
Mexico |
537000 |
537000 |
| Queretaro |
Mexico |
533300 |
825700 |
| Torreon |
Mexico |
523200 |
1135500 |
| Tlaquepaque |
Mexico |
478500 |
478500 |
| Toluca |
Mexico |
427300 |
427300 |
| Durango |
Mexico |
414000 |
414000 |
| Veracruz |
Mexico |
404500 |
607100 |
| Cancun |
Mexico |
402300 |
402300 |
| Tuxtla Gutierrez |
Mexico |
397000 |
397000 |
| Matamoros |
Mexico |
370800 |
780800 |
| Reynosa |
Mexico |
367000 |
367000 |
| Cuernavaca |
Mexico |
352500 |
739200 |
| Villahermosa |
Mexico |
344100 |
625700 |
| Xalapa |
Mexico |
343900 |
343900 |
| Mazatlan |
Mexico |
340200 |
340200 |
| Tampico |
Mexico |
319400 |
775500 |
| Irapuato |
Mexico |
316500 |
316500 |
| Nuevo Laredo |
Mexico |
313600 |
534300 |
| Ciudad Obregon |
Mexico |
285600 |
285600 |
| Celaya |
Mexico |
265900 |
265900 |
| Ciudad Victoria |
Mexico |
263800 |
263800 |
| Tepic |
Mexico |
261400 |
261400 |
| Oaxaca |
Mexico |
257300 |
257300 |
| Ensenada |
Mexico |
235800 |
235800 |
| Coatzacoalcos |
Mexico |
235600 |
697100 |
| Pachuca |
Mexico |
228800 |
228800 |
| Uruapan |
Mexico |
225900 |
225900 |
| Los Mochis |
Mexico |
211600 |
211600 |
| Monclova |
Mexico |
205200 |
205200 |
| Campeche |
Mexico |
204500 |
204500 |
| Tehuacan |
Mexico |
195000 |
195000 |
| La Paz |
Mexico |
171800 |
171800 |
| Tapachula |
Mexico |
171400 |
171400 |
| Poza Rica |
Mexico |
163000 |
163000 |
| Chetumal |
Mexico |
155900 |
155900 |
| Nogales |
Mexico |
154000 |
154000 |
| Cuautla |
Mexico |
145900 |
145900 |
| Salamanca |
Mexico |
143500 |
143500 |
| Cordoba |
Mexico |
140200 |
582000 |
| San Luis R�o Colorado |
Mexico |
135300 |
135300 |
| Chilpancingo |
Mexico |
135100 |
135100 |
| Puerto Vallarta |
Mexico |
134100 |
134100 |
| Colima |
Mexico |
133800 |
133800 |
| Ciudad del Carmen |
Mexico |
131200 |
131200 |
| Zamora |
Mexico |
127100 |
127100 |
| Piedras Negras |
Mexico |
124300 |
124300 |
| Orizaba |
Mexico |
121300 |
121300 |
| Hidalgo |
Mexico |
111300 |
111300 |
| Navajoa |
Mexico |
111000 |
111000 |
| Ciudad Valles |
Mexico |
109700 |
109700 |
| Zacatecas |
Mexico |
108100 |
108100 |
| Iguala |
Mexico |
107500 |
107500 |
| Guaymas |
Mexico |
106500 |
106500 |
| Delicias |
Mexico |
106400 |
106400 |
| San Cristobal de las Casas |
Mexico |
104200 |
104200 |
Mexico: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use |
15,958,700 (2003) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular |
28.125 million (2003) |
| Roadways (km) |
total: 349,038 km
paved: 116,928 km (including 6,979 km of expressways)
unpaved: 232,110 km (2003) |
Mexico: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) |
total population: 75.19 years
male: 72.42 years
female: 78.1 years (2005 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate |
20.91死亡/ 1000活产 |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) |
0.3% (2003 est.) |
Mexico : References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com |
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Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005